The Keystone Pipeline is a proposed integrated system of crude oil pipelines that will transport crude oil from the Alberta oil sand felds in Canada, to refineries in Illinois and Oklahoma, and further to the U.S. Gulf Coast.
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Route
- 3 Technical features
- 4 Partnership
- 5 References
- 6 External links
|
History
TransCanada proposed the project on February 9, 2005. On September 21, 2007, the National Energy Board of Canada approved the construction of the Canadian section of the pipeline, including converting a portion of the Canadian Mainline gas pipeline to crude oil pipeline. On January 22, 2008, ConocoPhillips acquired 50% stake in the project. On March 17, 2008, the United States Department of State issued a Presidential Permit authorizing the construction, maintenance and operation of facilities at the United States and Canada border.
Route
The 3,456 kilometres (2,147 mi) long pipeline will transport crude oil from Hardisty, Alberta to the United States refineries in Wood River, Illinois and Patoka, Illinois. The Canadian section involves the conversion of approximately 864 kilometres (537 mi) of existing Canadian Mainline natural gas pipeline facilities to crude oil transmission and construction of 373 kilometres (232 mi) of pipeline, pump stations and terminal facilities at Hardisty, Alberta. The United States section is 2,219 kilometres (1,379 mi) long. In Jefferson County, Nebraska, a 291 miles (468 km) long extension would take the pipeline to the oil hub in Cushing, Oklahoma.
The 3,200 miles (5,150 km) long Keystone Expansion starts from the same area in Alberta and joins the main Keystone Pipeline in Jefferson County, Nebraska. From there it runs parallel to the Cushing extensions. From Cushing, it would be expanded to Port Arthur, Texas, and possibly will be extended Houston, Texas. The pipeline will reach to Illinois in late 2009, to Oklahoma in late 2010, and to Texas in 2012.
Technical features
The pipeline will have a total capacity of 1,100,000 barrels per day (175,000 m³/d), which would be expanded later up to 1,500,000 barrels per day (238,000 m³/d). The diameter of the pipeline is 36 inches (910 mm). The pipeline will be buried 4 feet (1.2 m) under the ground.
The whole pipeline is expected to cost US$12.2 billion, and to be completed by 2012.
Partnership
The project is developed by the Keystone Pipeline partnerships (Keystone), which is a partnership between TransCanada and ConocoPhillips. Certain parties who have agreed to make volume commitments to the Keystone expansion have an option to acquire up to a combined 15 percent equity ownership in the partnerships. One of such companies is Valero Energy Corporation.
References
- ^ “TransCanada: Keystone Construction to Start Early Next Year”, Downstream Today (2007-09-21). Retrieved on 2008-07-18.
- ^ “ConocoPhillips Acquires 50% Stake in Keystone”, Downstream Today (2008-01-22). Retrieved on 2008-07-18.
- ^ “State Dept. Grants Keystone Permit; Work To Start In Q2″, Downstream Today (2008-03-17). Retrieved on 2008-07-18.
- ^ “Canada-US link gets green light”, Upstream Online (2008-03-14). Retrieved on 2008-03-14.
- ^ “TransCanada: Keystone Construction to Begin in Spring”, Downstream Today (2007-10-30). Retrieved on 2008-07-18.
- ^ “Keystone pipe costs hit $5.2bn”, Upstream Online (2007-10-30). Retrieved on 2008-03-14.
- ^ a b Art Hovey (2008-06-12). “TransCanada Proposes Second Oil Pipeline”, Downstream Today. Retrieved on 2008-07-18.
- ^ a b c d “TransCanada, ConocoPhillips To Expand Keystone To Gulf Coast”, Downstream Today (2008-07-16). Retrieved on 2008-07-18.
- ^ “Valero: Prospective Keystone Shipper”, Downstream Today (2008-07-16). Retrieved on 2008-07-18.
i pinco pallino italy
